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<text id=90TT1246>
<title>
May 14, 1990: In Memoriam
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
May 14, 1990 Sakharov Memoirs
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BOOKS, Page 89
In Memoriam
</hdr>
<body>
<qt>
<l>ONE, BY ONE, BY ONE: FACING THE HOLOCAUST</l>
<l>by Judith Miller</l>
<l>Simon & Schuster; 319 pages; $21.95</l>
</qt>
<p> Judith Miller's challenging thesis is that many countries
remember the Holocaust in different ways, and from these
different perceptions come different distortions of what the
Holocaust actually was. A veteran reporter and editor for the
New York Times, Miller pursues her thesis over a lot of
familiar terrain--the Barbie trial, the Waldheim election--but when she ventures off the beaten track, which she does
fairly often, she discovers some very interesting things. Like
the fact that the Dutch government still pays a pension of
about $11,000 a year to the widow of the country's deputy Nazi
leader during the German Occupation, and that she
unrepentantly spends part of the money to distribute neo-Nazi
propaganda. Or that the monument the Soviets reluctantly built
at Babi Yar is actually half a mile away from the ravine where
thousands of Jews were slaughtered, and that in the process of
building the monument the Soviets bulldozed Kiev's main Jewish
cemetery.
</p>
<p> Miller explores the collective memories of six countries and
finds them all in various ways deceptive. The West Germans have
made some amends, but they have forgotten too much; the
Austrians deny they were Hitler's willing accomplices; the
Dutch idolize Anne Frank but overlook the fact that she was
betrayed by one of the many Dutch collaborators; the French
cherish the myth of the heroic Resistance but began mistreating
Jews well before the Nazis asked them to do so; the Soviets
steadfastly denigrate the Jewishness of most Holocaust victims;
and all too many Americans are turning memories of the Holocaust
into a vulgar fund-raising carnival.
</p>
<p> All of that is more or less true, but there are some strange
gaps in Miller's indictment. One is Poland, where most of the
victims lived and most of the killing actually occurred, and
where the poison of anti-Semitism was still visible last year
in Jozef Cardinal Glemp's resistance to the removal of a
Carmelite installation at Auschwitz. The other is Israel, which
probably would not exist but for the Holocaust and which still
tends to cite the 6 million dead as justification for whatever
actions it undertakes.
</p>
<p> Strangest of all, while Miller devotes most of her chapters
mainly to Gentile distortions and evasions, she writes about
American reactions as though the Holocaust were purely a Jewish
question. "While it is now evident that the United States did
not do enough to prevent the genocide in Europe...the
Holocaust is not an American experience," she claims.
"Americans did not do it, nor were they its targets or
victims." But it was President Roosevelt who did nothing to
increase the immigration quotas, and the State Department that
refused to fill even those narrow quotas, and the U.S. Congress
that rejected a measure to allow in 20,000 children. And when
Jewish leaders pleaded for Allied bombers to knock out the
railroad lines to Auschwitz, Assistant Secretary of War John
J. McCloy responded, "I am very chary of getting the army
involved in this."
</p>
<p> No, whenever we examine those terrible years, we do not find
very many people with clean hands. But what does Miller's
subtitle Facing the Holocaust actually mean? What are we asking
when we demand that people "confront" or "deal with" such a
disaster? The Holocaust certainly can and should be studied,
analyzed, remembered, but memory is of rather limited value.
Even after all that has been said about it, in anger or in
sorrow, the Holocaust cannot really be understood--or
expiated.
</p>
<p>By Otto Friedrich.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>